Soc., 146, So lets see how to do that. The warming is 12K stronger on21December than on20December, which is consistent with the up-valley wind speeds being stronger on21December compared with20December (Fig.6). 15 map layers include the most useful data, such as precipitation, clouds, pressure, temperature, wind, and many more. Wang, W., Long, C., Chelliah, M., Xue, Y., Huang, B., Schemm, J.-K., Using openweathermap, you can also access weather data for cities in cycle. kkeene44: Finalize WRFV4.4.2 by merging release-v4.4.2 branch onto master, Github [data set]. The simulation was initialised using the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (Saha etal.,2010) which has a horizontal grid spacing of 0.5. Tip: These strings can contain anything you want, not just weather information. Overall, the daily cycle of the along-valley winds in Khumbu Valley are similar among existing studies, with well-defined daytime up-valley winds and weaker night-time winds flowing either in the up- or down-valley direction. The horizontal grid spacing decreases to 9km (d02), 3km (d03) and finally to 1km in the innermost domain, which covers an area of 288300km. They suggest that other similar valleys on the southern slope of the Himalayas would likewise form and transport biogenic aerosol to the free troposphere. Please add products before saving :). Requesting API calls by geographical coordinates is the most accurate way to specify any location. the closest 100200m to the surface). Due to computational and data storage limitations, it is not possible to perform a long-term simulation with high-temporal-resolution output. Geosci., 14, 49, Dommen, J.: Biogenic particles formed in the Himalaya as an important source Appl. Glaciol. Shea, J., Wagnon, P., Immerzeel, W., Biron, R., Brun, F., and Pellicciotti, F.: Phys., 15, 65896603, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6589-2015, 2015.a, b, c, d, e, f, g, Whiteman, C. D.: Mountain Meteorology: Fundamentals and Applications, New York, Oxford University Press, Meteorological impacts of a novel debris-covered glacier category in a Meteorol. The RMSE in 5m wind speed ranges from 1.4 to 3.2ms1 during daytime and from 0.5 to 2.9ms1 during night-time (Table2). Atmospheric pressure at sea level for the forecasts time period, hPa. The output frequency of the simulation was 1h (d01), 30min (d02), 10min (d03) and 5min (d04). Potter, E.R., Orr, A., Willis, I.C., Bannister, D., and Salerno, F.: Muoz-Sabater, J., Nicolas, J., Peubey, C., Radu, R., Schepers, D., Simmons, The along-valley wind component at the valley grid point i, AVWi, is then calculated using Eq.(4): The cross-valley wind component is calculated using the same approach. Gets weather forecast for the specific time (corrected to zero minutes) from OpenWeather with specifying latitude and longitude of the world. (2015). Response format. Consumi a API do OpenWeather para obter as informaes do clima em tempo real. In the morning (20December at 09:00LT 2h and 10min after sunrise), the valley atmospheres are mainly characterised by weak up-valley winds (Fig.8). 2012 2022 OpenWeather All rights reserved, Minimum temperature at the moment. dynamics in the Nepalese Himalaya, J. Geophys. Viewed 336 times. The up-valley wind speeds vary from 2 to 10ms1 in the afternoon (described in detail in Sect.4.1). The surface-based warming extends to depths of less than 1000m in the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys and to depths of less than 1500m in the Makalu and Kanchanjunga valleys. The width estimate is the distance between the west and east wall from the grid points where the elevation is above 1000m compared with the valley centre line height. Headquarters in London, UK. Gets weather history for the specific time from OpenWeather (corrected to zero minutes) with the specified latitude and longitude. This research has been supported by the H2020 European Research Council (grant no. Local time is shown on the xaxes. 7.7 * 3.6 = 27.7. Sub-grid-scale processes were parameterised as follows: the Thompson scheme for microphysics (Thompson etal.,2008), the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model for General Circulation Model (RRTMG) scheme for long-wave and short-wave radiation (Iacono etal.,2008), the MellorYamadaJanji (Eta) turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) scheme for boundary-layer turbulence and the Eta similarity scheme for the surface layer (Janjic,1994). Get current up-to-date real-time weather conditions to be able to make better business decisions by understanding how weather conditions can affect your drivers. - The visibility in meters - And last the local IP Address. (2015) studied. The Stack Overflow answers here and here that helped me understand how to convert wind direction to compass points. (2018) studied the effect of spin-up time on the output from high-resolution WRF simulations in the Langtang Catchment, which is located just outside our innermost WRF domain to the west. variables in the south of central Himalaya, Int. A variety of subscriptions with various limits on calls/min, data availability, and service. They propose that other valleys on the southern slope of the Himalayas would also act as sources of free-tropospheric aerosol. Rajeev, K., Gunthe, S.S., and Kotamarthi, V.R.: Effects of spatial 13, ISBN 90-277-2768-6, 1988.a, b, Tewari, M., F.Chen, W.W., Dudhia, J., LeMone, M.A., Mitchell, K., Ek, M., The ridgeline determination is a difficult task, as the valleys have, for example, a couple of Eight-thousander1 around them. After multiplying the Meter\Second value (mps) I want two digits after the decimal point so I have used toFixed which returns a string which I convert back to a number using +. However, the cross-valley wind component is not always directed in exactly the same direction as the local slope on the valley sidewalls. The modelled wind speed is adjusted to 5m, assuming a logarithmic wind profile for neutral stratification (Stull,1988). Powered by Discourse, best viewed with JavaScript enabled, [openweathermap] How to get windspeed in km/h. - Sixth line is the wind speed in m/s. Some parts of the valleys have weak (<2ms1) near-surface down-valley winds which flow in shallow layers of less than 200m. The WRF simulation is evaluated by comparing the modelled near-surface temperature and winds to meteorological observations from three automatic weather stations (AWSs) in the Khumbu Valley (Table1). Keeley, S., Laloyaux, P., Lopez, P., Lupu, C., Radnoti, G., deRosnay, P., All Rights Reserved . Standard, Metric and Imperial units can be selected here. For more details about pretty print JSON data check this. Laj, P., Lehtipalo, K., Kangasluoma, J., Kerminen, V., Kontkanen, J., List of weather condition codes with icons Learn more, 2012 2022 OpenWeather All rights reserved, Min/max temperature in current weather API and forecast API, List of all API parameters with available units, Geographical coordinates (latitude, longitude). I thought it was absolutely ridiculous, a bizarre claim, Tiley said. Push notification mechanism will allow to get timely notifications about severe weather. In this way, the structure of the flow in plainvalley interaction can be studied more successfully (cross-sections are discussed later in Sect.4.2). interface, by using this My button: If the above My button doesnt work, you can also perform the following steps Valley centre lines are shown by the white dashed lines. OpenWeather is a team of IT experts and data scientists that has been practising deep weather data science. The wind component parallel to the valley centre lines is plotted on each model level. The strongest daytime near-surface winds in the valleys are found around the valley centre lines (white dashed lines in Fig.5) and have magnitudes of up to 10ms1. The strongest warming between 09:00 and 15:00LT is found in the near-surface layer (i.e. The daytime valley winds propagate into the entrances of the two westernmost valleys (Gaurishankar and Khumbu) over the perpendicular topographic barrier from the plain (Figs.2b; 3a, b). The warmed layer in the valley atmospheres decreases in magnitude and depth towards the top of the valleys. 25072522, https://doi.org/10.1175/2007MWR2298.1, 2008.a, b, c, Wagner, J. S., Gohm, A., and Rotach, M. W.: Influence of along-valley terrain heterogeneity on exchange processes over idealized valleys, Atmos. J. For the same horizontal area above the valley and above the plain, the air volume in the valley is smaller than that above the plain. In other parts of the valley, the timing of the diurnal cycle is relatively similar on 1821December. The night-time along-valley winds are weak in magnitude and flow mostly in the up-valley direction. The service allows you to regularly download current weather and forecast data in JSON format. Alpine valley, Int. Ek, M., Meng, J., Wei, H., Yang, R., Lord, S., vanden Dool, H., Kumar, A., Forecasts of Winter Precipitation Using an Improved Bulk Microphysics Scheme. The up-valley winds extend all the way to the valley top on each day of the simulation. (2021) found that WRF struggled to accurately simulate the diurnal variation in wind speed, especially during daytime and when wind conditions changed from high to low, over the Central Himalayas. In this case, the API response should be returned in the same language as the language of requested location name if the location is in our predefined list of more than 200,000 locations. Please, do not confuse min/max parameters in our weather APIs. The formation of these winds are sensitive to, for example, any large-scale forcing (Whiteman and Doran,1993) and the geometry of the valley topography (Wagner etal.,2015) which makes them unique for each and every valley. Meteorol. A sensor entity will be created for each supported condition. Phys., 15, 65896603. I would like to follow your blog frequently. List of all API parameters with available units. After 60 grid points (approximately 60km) into the valley, the valley floors start to incline towards the valley top. Local along-valley winds in four major valleys on the southern slope of the Nepal Himalayas are studied by means of high-resolution meteorological modelling. Positive values of wind velocity refer to up-valley winds. Bianchi, F., Junninen, H., Bigi, A., Sinclair, V., Dada, L., Hoyle, C., Zha, Configure the OpenWeather - Get weather forecast action The lowest wind component in the model output is at 10m above the surface, whereas the winds are observed at 5m height. Meteor. Land Use, and Spinup Time on Resolving Spatial Precipitation Patterns in the This results in a warming of 5K (Gaurishankar) and 3K (Khumbu) in the lee of the barrier compared with the base of the barrier over the plain. (Note: Standard is in Kelvin, not really useful in most cases), Define your weather strings here (Up to 4 strings are available). They found that the difference between 12h, 24h, and 3d spin-up time was relatively small (10m wind root-mean-square error of 3.5ms1 for 12h and of 3.3ms1 for 24h and 3d). Geosci., 14, 49, Bollasina, M., Bertolani, L., and Tartari, G.: Meteorological observations at In the bottom right, click on the At NCO-P, both the observed and modelled near-surface winds do not have a clear diurnal cycle with respect to speed (Fig.S1a in the Supplement); this is also seen in the skill scores (daytime MAE of 2.5ms1 and night-time MAE of 2.4ms1). Up to 25ms1 near-surface winds are found on the ridges surrounding the Kanchanjunga Valley, but the near-surface winds stay below 10ms1 and flow in the up-valley direction within the valley atmosphere. So now lets see the result. Meteor. Dynamical Drivers of the Local Wind Regime in a Himalayan Valley, J. Geophys. If you do not see some of the parameters in your API response it means that these weather phenomena are just not happened for the time of measurement for the city or location chosen. The version used in this study is WRF3.6.1. resolution on WRF v3.8.1 simulated meteorology over the central Himalaya, It starts in January, it starts here in Australia. resolution on WRF v3.8.1 simulated meteorology over the central Himalaya, Detailed forecasts available by city name, city ID, geographic coordinates or postal/ZIP code. Ek, M., Meng, J., Wei, H., Yang, R., Lord, S., vanden Dool, H., Kumar, A., The second aim is to identify notable differences between the four valleys in terms of their local wind systems. Positive values indicate higher potential temperatures at 15:00LT than at 09:00LT. 1,000 API calls per day for free! G.P., Maione, M., Panday, A., Roccato, F., Sellegri, K., Venzac, H., Verza, Check weather updates with our OpenWeather feature that provides graphic overlays on the map for clouds, precipitation, sea level pressure, temperature, and wind speed. Now in this section, we will see how to access weather data. Find lots of workouts with our weather APIs on PHP, Java, Python, Go and many others on the Partners page together with 8,000+ repositories on GitHub, Run your advertising campaign with the OpenWeatherMap API through Google AdWords. On 18December, the diurnal cycle is more interrupted than during the 1921December period, and the simulated night-time down-valley winds are caused by the channelling of the north-westerlies into the valleys. G., Bidlot, J., Bonavita, M., DeChiara, G., Dahlgren, P., Dee, D., However, the local valley wind systems in the other major valleys located nearby have not yet been well studied. However, the methodology and the results of this study are a very useful starting point for a more long-term analysis of the local wind patterns in this understudied region of the Himalayas. The entrances into the Makalu and Kanchanjunga valleys are, in contrast, open without any such obstacles. In addition, the valley floors slope much more steeply in the Himalayan valleys compared with the valleys in Wagner etal. Oceanographic Sciences Library, Springer Netherlands, Dordrecht, Vol. Time steps with wind speeds observed below these thresholds are neglected in the following comparison. (cities, zip codes). During night-time, the along-valley winds remain mostly in the up-valley direction with magnitudes of less than 2ms1 except at the valley top, where, on the night between 18 and 19 December, the along-valley wind is weak (<1ms1) and in the down-valley direction (Fig.6). Empty cart. See current weather conditions across the United States and provide a more accurate delivery date based on weather conditions. The flow characteristics over this barrier are similar to what Stull (1988) describes with respect to the down-slope wind storms associated with hydraulic jump. During the 4d study period, the daytime up-valley winds are weaker and flow in a shallower layer in the parts of the valleys where the valley floor has a steep inclination (up to 5). Weather Accurate modelling of these thermally driven winds requires high horizontal resolution, down to at least a 1km grid spacing, due to their complex structure and sensitivity to the topography (Schmidli etal.,2018). Wagner etal. The cross-valley wind component on the western slope is multiplied by 1 to present both slopes such that positive values refer to an up-slope wind. Using the weather binding the windspeed is expected to be reported in km/h as default. on 2017-04-24 Diamantakis, M., Dragani, R., Flemming, J., Forbes, R., Fuentes, M., Geer, Bollasina etal. However, whereas the along-valley winds were analysed in the centre of the valley, the cross-valley winds are analysed separately on both the east and west slopes of the valleys. Climatol., 38, 17481759, Many thanks to Cristina Facchini and Rolf Sander and welcome to Barbara Ervens as executive editor of ACP, First ACP Letter: The value of remote marine aerosol measurements for constraining radiative forcing uncertainty, Atmospheric evolution of emissions from a boreal forest fire: the formation of highly functionalized oxygen-, nitrogen-, and sulfur-containing organic compounds, Observing the timescales of aerosolcloud interactions in snapshot satellite images, New ACP Letter: How alkaline compounds control atmospheric aerosol particle acidity, Changes in biomass burning, wetland extent, or agriculture drive atmospheric NH3 trends in select African regions, Two of ACP's founding executive editors step down, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-23-821-2023-supplement, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-020-00661-5, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2014.10.384, https://doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.38.Special_66, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1994)122<0927:TSMECM>2.0.CO;2, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2004)043<0170:TKCPAU>2.0.CO;2, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-13-00109.1, https://doi.org/10.1080/07900627.2015.1020417, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10546-019-00438-3, https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195132717.001.0001, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<1669:TRBOSS>2.0.CO;2, Overview of the topographic characteristics of the four valleys. closed by 9037568 OpenWeather. Kistler, R., Woollen, J., Behringer, D., Liu, H., Stokes, D., Grumbine, R., Chem. APIs Dynamical Drivers of the Local Wind Regime in a Himalayan Valley, J. Geophys. Table1Station and model grid point locations used in the comparison to observations. Bianchi, F., Junninen, H., Bigi, A., Sinclair, V., Dada, L., Hoyle, C., Zha, As the valleys are not exactly northsouth orientated at every point in the along-valley direction, the meridional and zonal winds in the model output can not be considered to be the along- and cross-valley wind components directly. The up-valley wind maxima are found around the same height in all of the valleys: around 200300m above the valley centre line. A heat policy was first implemented in the 1998 Australian Open. Thanks everyone. In the middle of the valley (purple time series, grid point 120), the onset of the up-valley winds occurs at the same time as in the other valleys, but there are two maximums: the first around 15:00LT and the second time around 18:00LT. OpenWeather is a team of IT experts and data scientists that has been practising deep weather data science since 2014. Headquarters in London, UK. Our new technology, Time Machine, has allowed us to enhance data in the Historical Weather Collection: historical weather data is now available for any coordinates and the depth of historical data has been extended to 40 years. Lets implement it practically in python . Q., Yao, L., Ahonen, L., Bonasoni, P., Buenrostro Mazon, S., Hutterli, M., Considering that the daytime warming is also particularly affected by the large-scale weather above the valley atmosphere, the vertical extent of the strongest warming in the valley atmospheres is similar between the 2d. In contrast, in the Makalu and Kanchanjunga valleys, the plain-to-valley winds flow in layers as deep as 10001500m. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. So write the following code. Wireless wind/thermo-hygro sensor transmits from a 330 ft range (open air) to your indoor console so you know what the weather's doing without having to turn on a radio or TV. weather analysis and forecasting/16th conference on numerical weather 1. The border of Nepal is shown in red in Fig.1, and the study area is located in the north-eastern part of Nepal. To use openweathermap API, you need to create an account in their site. In all of the valleys during the 4d simulation, both the vertical extent of the diurnal cycle of potential temperature and the layer of up-valley winds is deepest in the lower parts of the valleys (yellow and purple crosses in Figs.9 and 11). OpenWeatherMapAPI Python Tutorial Getting Started With OpenWeatherMap API, OpenWeatherMapAPI Python Tutorial -Access Current Weather Data For One Location, "http://api.openweathermap.org/data/2.5/weather? The comparison is separated to daytime (06:0018:00LT) and night-time (18:0006:00LT) time steps. The data is frequently updated based on the global and local weather models, satellites, radars and a vast network of weather stations. . There is currently support for the following device types within Home Assistant: You need an API key, which is free, but requires a registration. This is seen as mostly horizontal isentropes between the valley atmosphere and the air above the plain (i.e. Plain-to-valley winds, and further along-valley winds, stem from the uneven warming of the valley atmosphere and the air above the adjacent plain. This product provides users with current, forecast and historical solar radiation data for any coordinates on the globe. Home Assistant automatically translates it to the language configured for the frontend. You signed in with another tab or window. This is because the sidewall slopes are not always perpendicular to the valley centre line. Local winds in four valleys located in the Nepal Himalayas are studied by means of high-resolution meteorological modelling. Local winds in four valleys located in the Nepal Himalayas are studied by means of All site content, except where otherwise noted, is licensed under the. regional climate model across a Himalayan catchment, Atmos. These locations refer to along-valley grid points 90 and 120 in Makalu and grid points 55 and 90 in Kanchanjunga. The up-valley wind propagation into the valley could be significantly interrupted by the flow forced to flow over the 1km high barrier. Up to 25ms1 near-surface down-valley winds are found in the tops of the valleys where the valley floors are at 40005000ma.s.l. Three grid points before and after the actual location are used to smooth out the sharpest turns in the valley centre line. Temperature, humidity and wind speed can be obtained as well as snow volume and wind gust. Figure1(a) The 400hPa wind speed (shading) and direction (white vectors) averaged over the month of December for the period from 1980 to 2019 in the ERA5 reanalysis. Figure9 shows that the up-valley wind speed and depth are the most consistent along the valley in Kanchanjunga. Forecasts of Winter Precipitation Using an Improved Bulk Microphysics Scheme. A., Haimberger, L., Healy, S., Hogan, R.J., Hlm, E., Janiskov, M., You can also get the data according to your requirement instead of getting whole data. (2015). /* Current weather One, Two, Three and Four settings */, /* These are not necessary but demonstrate how to style the weather string */. after your successful registration. The cross-sections show the whole length of the valley centre lines (yellow lines in Fig.2b); thus, the far right-hand side of all the panels in Figs.8 and 9 are the wind component and potential temperature above the plain. The 40-year December average of the 400hPa wind is mostly westerly with the subtropical jet located on average at around 30N. The OpenWeatherMap integration was introduced in Home Assistant 0.32, and it's used by, Longitude for weather forecast and sensor. 8-day weather forecast with Wind, Humidity, Dew Point, Pressure, Cloudiness, Precipitation, Visibility, and UV Index. The length scale of the valleys in the along-valley direction is fairly similar. Singh, J., Singh, N., Ojha, N., Sharma, A., Pozzer, A., KiranKumar, N., The plain-to-valley winds flow over the 1000m high barrier at the entrances to the Gaurishankar and Khumbu valleys in a shallow layer of less than 500m (grid points 110130 in Gaurishankar and grid points 120140 in Khumbu). A tag already exists with the provided branch name. The subtropical jet was located south-east of the inner domain (d04) location during the 1820December simulation period. Soc., 91, 10151058, You can place the following strings in your templates and when creating a new document using the template, they will automatically be replaced with the corresponding weather strings. 13, ISBN 90-277-2768-6, 1988., Tewari, M., F.Chen, W.W., Dudhia, J., LeMone, M.A., Mitchell, K., Ek, M., The up-valley winds exceeding 3ms1 cover half of the along-valley distance in Kanchanjunga, whereas they are only found at the valley entrance in Makalu. And now write the following code snippets and run them. The decrease in the daytime up-valley winds is slower at the valley entrance compared with the other parts of the valley. and Dhaka, S.K.: Impact of Mountainous Topography on Surface-Layer Figure5Wind speed (shading) and direction (black vectors) on the lowest vertical level (approximately 25m above the surface) in the d04 domain on 1821December2014. | 00:54, 'Crikey that was a ripsnorter mate!' The standard deviation of the 40-year monthly means is shown by the black contours (ms1). The 40-year climatology considered is the average of the month of December in the period from 1980 to 2019.
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